The Effects The Great Depression on Society - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 444 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Great Depression Essay Did you like this example? The Great Depression was an era of struggle. A time that we will never forget. It has had many effects on American society. Such as economical, emotional, agricultural, and etc. Effects that have prepared us for the future. It was emotionally nerve-wracking for society. Not being able to support your family or yourself, does something to you. It got so bad, that people actually started to sell their kids and other crazy things to make a buck. People lost all trust in banking, stock market, and some the government. Even to this day, Great Depression survivors have a hard time trusting banks. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effects The Great Depression on Society" essay for you Create order The Great Depression caused a lot of economic problems, especially in the southern part of the country. There was bank failure left and right. The stock market had eventually crashed. Unemployment was increasing fast, it eventually rose by 25%. Lots of people ended up being left homeless. That housing had to drop a good 30%. Farmers sadly were apart of this group of homeless. With the Dust Bowl that didn’t leave for some years, farming became impossible. While farming may have been bad, banking was awful. There was plenty of runs to the bank to get people’s money back. I mean after hearing that banks were using people’s deposits to invest in the stock market, I would too. After that about half of the banks failed. Even some of the good ones who did nothing wrong. It was hard for to trust banks. Thanks to FDIC you don’t have to worry about it anymore. FDIC basically protects depositors and their money. This came about due to the â€Å"New Deal†. The Great Depression was so bad that it shook the confidence in capitalism. President Roosevelt was eventually inaugurated due to President Hoover failure to help the economy. Some would probably say that this was one of the best decisions made during the Great Depression. President Roosevelt came out with the New Deal. Thanks to the New Deal society got an economic relief. Not only was there economic relief but there was relief all around. The New Deal was technically a government controlled economy. Whose sole purpose was to achieve a balance between conflicting economic interests. With that happening some trust was replaced with expectation, after getting a whiff of the New Deal. That’s when everyone started to rely on the government to save the economy. In conclusion, these are some of the many effects the Great Depression had on American Society. Some were good, some were bad, but they all teach a lesson. If we choose to take in the lesson or not might decide our fate for the future.

The Civil War Opposing Slavery - 1139 Words

Before the Civil War: Opposing Slavery â€Å"By 1860, the South contained more slaves than all the other slave societies in the New World combined’ (Roark, 331). Slavery was the backbone of the American Southern states’ economy, a highly controversial topic, and eventually the cause of the American Civil war. Even before the Civil War, there were many American groups who opposed slavery. In the early 19th century there were several forces that opposed slavery, both in the North and the South, they used different methods, but were all striving for the same goal, the freedom of slaves in the United States of America. There were three influential forces in the North and two in the South. Opposition to slavery occurred in both the North and the†¦show more content†¦The Abolitionists strived for legal emancipation, and a few Northern blacks encouraged a fight for freedom, but one group actively worked for the freedom of slaves one at a time. The final Northern force which opposed slavery during the early nineteenth century, was those who assisted escaped slaves to freedom. Some, but not all, of these people were part of the Underground Railroad. The Underground Railroad was a route to freedom, marked by safe houses also called â€Å"stations† to fit with the railroad theme. These stations were manned by sympathetic Northern whites and free Northern blacks nicknamed â€Å"conductors†. According to The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia the Underground Railroad was â€Å"established by abolitionists in defiance of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850† (Underground Railroad). The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 stated that Southerners could pursue their slaves into the North and also that Northerners legally needed to assist in the recapture of escaped slaves (Roark, 362). The destinations of the Underground Railroad included Canada and safe areas in Northern states. Many people participated in the Underground Rai lroad as conductors, others assisted escaped slaves even if they were not part of the Underground Railroad. Although the Underground Railroad assisted many slaves to freedom, the actual organization and extent of the railroadShow MoreRelatedEssay on Emancipation1140 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1860, the nation was locked in a Civil War. This tragic war, which lasted from 1861 to 1877, was mainly caused by the diverging society between the North and the South. The war divided the country between the North (Union) and South (Confederate). There were many factors that led to the war and the chief ones were political, social, and economic differences between the North and the South. Slavery was a major issue that triggered the American Civil War. Basically the South wanted and neededRead MoreEssay about Causes Of The Civil War647 Words   |  3 Pages What was the cause of the civil war? How did it start and what was the uprising action that lead up to this deadly event? Well, back over 150 years ago when slavery was on the rise the people would go back and forth to determine whether or not slavery was a good or bad thing to have. Some of this uprise was because at different points in time there was more free states then slave states and that bothered the slave states because they were losing land to expand out onto that was below the theRead MoreThe Dred Scott Trial, Bleeding Kansa1536 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil War had many things that contributed to the start of it such as slavery. Events like The Underground Railroad, Missouri Compromise, Nat Turner Rebellion, compromise of 1850, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, the Dred Scott trial, Bleeding Kansa, John Brown Raid, Abe’s Election and the Battle of Fort Sumter. All of these events had key factors, even the smallest things add up. Whether it be an uprising or even a book might change the views or opinions that you have on slavery. What if it supported yourRead MoreThe Causes And Effects Of The Civil War1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe causes and effects of the Civil War will be defined through the institution of slavery, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the military leadership of President Lincoln to resolve the uncompromising political position of the South/Confederacy. Lincoln’s â€Å"House Divided† speech will be an important primary source that defines the underlying resistance to the expansion of the slave states into new territories taken by the U.S. government in the 1850s. More so, the uncompromising and an increasingly militaristicRead MoreEssay on The Role Kansas and Nebraska Played in the Civil War1436 Words   |  6 Pagesspot behind a large rock, Margaret and her little sister watched in desperation as their small shack was ransacked by John Brown and his raiders. As the sky grew black with smoke, angry tears began streaming do wn Margaret’s face. Why can’t the anti-slavery settlers just leave us alone? Why are they being so violent? What have we done to them? All we want is land to settle on! Margaret wondered in disheartenment. For settlers who had rushed to claim land in Kansas and Nebraska in the stormy 1850’s,Read MoreU.s. Congress Declared War Against Mexico Essay1681 Words   |  7 PagesEighteen-Forty Six, The U.S. Congress declared war against Mexico. The U.S. congress, pushed by president James K. Polk, declared war in light of many differences of political standings with a few hot button topics. The main points of issue where the two countries opposing views on slavery, the annexation of Texas and California , as well as the idea of the Manifest Destiny. The standings Mexico and the United States had on these problems directed the countries for war. The United States had numerous advantagesRead MoreSouthern Slavery and the American Civil War Essay1667 Words   |  7 Page severy American. However, in this instance Americans had enthusiastic, but opposing viewpoints about slavery. The North believed everything about slavery was morally wrong and that having slaves went against the American ideal of freedom. Southerners believed in their guaranteed right of property protection, and believed that the federal government taking away slavery opposed the democracy that America is also based on. When slavery re-emerged as a topic that needed to be settled, the political field wasRead MoreEssay On The Causes Of The Civil War936 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War, a groundbreaking war, between the Union and Confederacy was a war of uncompromising disagreements. The Civil War was a war fought in various places throughout the United States from 1861 to 1865. Over 237- named battles were fought and a couple famous ones being the â€Å"Battle of Fort Sumter†, and â€Å"Battle of Palmito Ranch†. The victory was for the Union, however there was a poin t in the Civil War where the Confederacy was winning which left the people astonished. The Civil war was causedRead MoreThe Civil War And The American War Essay1652 Words   |  7 PagesThe war with the most death of Americans was not the World Wars, Cold War, Vietnam War or Korean War, but the Civil War. The Civil War is one of the most monumental moments in the United States that threaten the stability of the Union. The United States was split into two opposing sides, the Union and the Confederates, with opposing ideas; Americans pinned against one another in combat for their ideals and goals. The Civil War has multiple causes, but the most renowned reason was the abolishmentRead MoreThe Battle Of The American Civil War1494 Words   |  6 PagesThe American Civil War was a battle that took place in the United States from 1861 to 1865. This war ripped the entire country into two opposing sides and forced them to fight against each other due to differences in beliefs. Although thi s War brought great tragedy across the entire nation, some refer to this time period as an American Revolution. But how could a time that caused mass amounts of death and terror be considered a period that revolutionized the country? By exploring this time period

Social Work in the Justice System Free Essays

string(138) " collaboration between the fields of Public defense and forensic social work is monumental in the need for holistic trial representation\." This paper explores the many facets social work provides in collaboration with the criminal justice system escaping widespread notice as well as the roles played in the judicial court systems. This paper takes a look at the point and the many purposes of forensic social work. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Work in the Justice System or any similar topic only for you Order Now Covering their role in multidisciplinary mitigation teams and collaboration between social workers and lawyers in criminal defense also the type service social work practitioners provide to inmate populations; the active involvement in an inmate’s daily life both during their sentence as well as the service and assistance a forensic social worker will be providing following an inmate’s release and reintegration back into society. A field of social work not widely publicized or acknowledged by the majority of the American population, pointing out the lack of interest in the field by the Universities offering accredited social Work degree programs and the educational opportunities lost because of the lack of acknowledgement of this field of social work practice. The Field of Forensic Social Work It’s Function in the Criminal Justice System and the Populations Who Benefit Forensic Social work is not a field widely known to students like myself. For those majoring in Social work in colleges and universities throughout the United States this particular field of social work practice is not really offered as often as other courses like helping skills or social policy. It’s an issue I see as becoming a problem in the near future because of the field and its functions. The educational opportunities presented in teaching forensic social work are in my opinion in my opinion. Its functions alone include policy and program development. Mediation, advocacy and arbitration, teaching, training and supervision as well as ehavioral science research and analysis just to name a few. We the students are at a loss by a lack of acknowledgement of the field Forensic Social work and it not being an offered course taught within our curriculum is a travesty to the future of the social work profession and the population forensic social workers advocate for. The objective of this paper is to bring to light a field in social work not widely publicized or acknowledged by a large majority of universities offering social work programs. Escaping widespread notice, a substantial number of social workers function in the space in which mental health concepts and the law form a gestalt says (Hughes O’Neil. (1983). Most of those whose social work service fall under core areas that make up the field of forensic social work don’t even know it. Why is it then, that in a field in which the services provide so much to those with so little, with a tremendous base of knowledge utilizing a broad base of skill, skill spanning across many other fields not just in â€Å"basic† social work practices. Parallel to the growing field of forensic psychiatry in the criminal justice system is the growing field of forensic social work. It’s development is dependent on that of forensic psychiatry; For this reason forensic social work it goes unobserved (Hughes, et. al. , 1983). I want to shed some much deserved light on this neglected field of service. It is a field of social work that needs to be preserved in its collaboration with the criminal justice system. Stewart Sinclair points out that â€Å"Forensic Social Work continues to work directly with patients and to maintain a vital link between the family and the institution. † (S. Sinclair, 2002 ,Sam Peckinpah’s forensic social work blues: will the tin star keep shining) Forensic Social work is not a field widely known to students such as myself. For those majoring in Social work in colleges and universities in the United States this particular field of social work practice is not offered as often as other courses such as helping skills or theory and practice. It’s an issue I see as becoming a problem in the near future because of the field’s functions. The educational opportunity presented in teaching forensic social work is valuable. The functions alone include policy and program development. Mediation, advocacy and arbitration, teaching, training and supervision as well as behavioral science research and analysis just to name a few. We the students are at a loss by a lack of acknowledgement of Forensic Social work and it not being an offered course in our curriculum. Brownell and Roberts (2002) operationally define forensic social work as ‘policies, practices and social work roles with juvenile and adult offenders and victims of crimes’ (Brownell P Roberts AR 2002, A century of social work in criminal justice and correctional settings, Journal of Offender rehabilitation, 35 (2) 1-17, pg. 3) As times progressed a growing knowledge and understanding of mental illness and psychiatric problems became more of a deciding factor in the task of determining just and effective dispositions. The criminal justice system is not equipped to provide the proper type of facilitation needed to accommodate. Instead judges and lawyers reached out to community mental health agencies but they too were unable to adequately provide resources needed. According to Gary Whitmer (1983) resulting from this dilemma the courts adjudicate with a sense of futility, knowing that it is not the defendant’s reasoned criminal intent but an illness that had brought him or her to court and that, if left untreated, this illness will bring the defendant back to court sooner then later. The Office of the Appellate Defender (OAD) is a not-for-profit organization that has been providing high quality appellate and post-conviction representation to indigent persons since 1988. The office of the Appellate Defenders fills an important need in the criminal justice system and advocacy for the destitute. OAD is the second longest-standing institutional indigent defense office and oldest provider of appellate representation to indigent persons convicted of felonies. (www. ppellatedefender. org ) Attorneys participate in the Office of Appellate Defender’s comprehensive training program, which focuses on appellate advocacy, client relations, procedural and substantive criminal law. The up and coming collaboration between the fields of Public defense and forensic social work is monumental in the need for holistic trial representation. You read "Social Work in the Justice System" in category "Essay examples" But the need for holistic representation does not end at sentencing. According to The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers describes the †catch basin for the reakdown of social services inside communities† depicting the defense function within the criminal justice system given by the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers. The assistance that social workers can provide is an appellate office takes on the role of assisting with the legal representation thorough investigation, mitigation and counseling. Social workers also provide institutional advocacy on behalf of clients. Another important function provided is that of case management, support and necessary referrals for clients preparing for release. (M.  Rothstien, Reaching through the Prison Wall; 2000) The value of social works to assist in the interview, evaluation, crisis response, short-term case work, negotiation and referrals in trial offices is admirable. For criminal justice offices, social worker involvement practice generally focuses on investigations and mitigation; the importance of forensic social work in the role of legal representation. . (M. Rothstine; 2000) The National Institute of Justice research in action journal issue from February 1999 gives an in-depth focus on case management in the criminal justice system. The services provided are much like if not identical to the processes thought by Professor Blake in theory and Practice I. These include intake, assessment, classification, referral, intervention, monitoring, evaluation and advocacy. (National Institution of Justice/ Feburary1999 p. 3) All of which are association with the majority if not all of the fields that make up Social Work. During the assessment stage of the case management process the interview leads into the documentation of individual history. Each individual walking this earth has a unique story to tell. And these stories paint the picture that portrays where we are in our lives at any given point in time. The job of a multidisciplinary mitigation team is to link client’s history, life circumstances, and the commission of the crime accurately and clearly. Often complex, it reveals that the client’s behavior stems from a number of integrating factors. In their article, â€Å"From Misery to Mission: Forensic Social Work on Multidisciplinary Mitigation Teams,† Guin, Noble and Merrill(2003) provide mitigating factors and circumstances inking characteristics and history to criminal behavior in the representation on behalf of defendants in capital cases (Guin, Noble, and Merrill/ From Misery to Mission: Forensic Social Works on Multidisciplinary Mitigation teams) â€Å"The capital mitigation process comes to life when a social worker, using a life history model of investigation, assumes the role of mitigation specialist, who, by capitalizing on social work theory and research, practice knowledge and skills yields vital information that, through objective presentation of fact, guides sentencing decisions. (p. 424) Social Workers are given the task of one of the most important components of building an understanding of the individual you’re advocating for and conceptualizing a rundown of an individual’s life history. Documenting of a defendant’s life history a forensic social worker is gaining insight on possible links to the development of criminal behavior. The intake is a way of establishing a rapport and may involve crisis intervention. The interview is almost always performed face to face and may be videotaped for later use in a court of law. Next is the assessment phase. This phase involves interviews, substance abuse evaluations, and specialized psychological evaluations. Some of the bases covered include family medical history for any red flags involving mental illness, significant incidents of past trauma, this may include both physical abuse, sexual abuse or neglect. Another aspect that is a much importance is the family dynamic. Some criminals come from a childhood of moving from foster home to foster home until aging out of the system at the age of 18. Others may come from a financial comfortable family with a dog and a white picket fence. According to The National Organization of Forensic Social Work (NOFSW), the forensic social work practitioner provides: consultation, education training, diagnosis, treatment and recommendations in various agencies. In addition, the NOFSW also points out that within the field of forensic social work, a clinician may undertake policy, program development, mediation, advocacy, and arbitration. Green; Thrope; Traupmann; the Sprawling Thicket Australian Social Work/June 2005) Barker and Branson (2000) summarize the Field of Forensic Social Work narrowing it down to 10 core areas. Some of these areas: 1. testifying in courts of law as expert witness. 2. Systematically evaluating individuals so that the resulting information can be used in court or by legal authorities. 3. Investigating cases where criminal conduct may have occurred and presenting the results to judges, juries, and other law authorities. . Recommending to the courts of law ways to resolve, punish or rehabilitate those found guilty of criminal acts or negligence in civil actions. Also included in the 10 core areas of Barker and Branson’s Legal aspects of Professional Practice in the forensic social work field are to; facilitate the court ordered sentence of the convicted person, monitoring and reporting progress to the courts. 6. Mediate between individuals and groups involved in disputed and conflicts. 7.  Testify about professional standards of social work to facilitate cases of possible malpractice or unethical conduct. 8. Facilitate development and enforcement of licensing laws to r egulate professional practice. 10. Maintain relationships with their own clients that uphold the letter and spirit of the law and ethical principals of their profession. (Barker Branson Legal aspects of Professional Practice, 2000) Mark Cameron and Elizabeth Keenan created a practice model that is adapted from the structures offered by Grenscavage and Norcross known as The Common Factors Model.  Cameron and Keenan provide three addition new and potentially useful conceptualizations. First, is the conceptualization developed on the basis of ways in which factors function in practice as condition and process that are activated and; Facilitated by strategies and skills for change? Second is the System of Action. Suggesting that conditions and processes interact as a â€Å"system of action†; factors reciprocally influence each other, inevitably producing change. The third conceptualization is based on Locus of practice competencies. Finally common factors are convinced as pertaining not only to the social worker and the client, but all those involved in the change work, including family, informal social supporters, and helpers in social services, education, health care organizations, and the judicial system. † (Cameron Keenan; The Common Factors Model; p. 65) Roberts and Brownell (1995) define Forensic Social work as â€Å"the practice specialty in social work that focuses on Law and educating law professional about social welfare issues and social workers about the legal aspects of their objectives† as defined by Barker,(p. 60). They go on to pen a section entitled Professional Recognition of forensic social work as a Field of Practice. This is an important part of why I chose to do my capstone paper on Forensic Social work in the first place. I’ve came to realize what little attention is given to this particular field of social work practice in general. Roberts and Brownell (1995) discuss the need for social workers them selves to recognize that a specialization in forensics has developed in recent years not just in social work but among other professional groups such as psychology, psychiatry and nursing. A Century of Forensic Social Work: Bridging the Past to the Present, 1999) The fact that there should be a distinct and prominent role for forensic social workers; the need to recognize that this area of practice; if we were to consider social work in corrections and probation, forensic mental health, substance abuse, family/criminal court, domestic violence and child abuse and neglect, it is a natural outgrowth of the leadership exerted by Jane Adams, Julia Lathrop and other prominent forensic social work ers in the late 1800’s. How to cite Social Work in the Justice System, Essay examples

Daughter Essay free essay sample

February 2013 A Mothers Story Have you ever considered how becoming a parent could affect your life? I never knew how much a child could change my life until I became a mother. Growing up I never really knew what I wanted to do or where I wanted to go in life. I liked to party and be rebellious. I felt like nobody cared about me, so I didn’t really care about myself or where my life went. When I turned 19, everything that I ever felt, thought, or did, became a major reconsideration when I gave birth to my beautiful daughter, Dalayshia Briana Harris. During my childhood, I felt like my mother wasn’t there for me, which led me to make a lot of negative decisions in my life. Becoming a mom has made me as my dad would say, â€Å"Wake up and smell the coffee†. The one thing that I’m sure about now that I’ve became a mother, is that, I do have a purpose, and I want to be the best role model I can be to my daughter. We will write a custom essay sample on Daughter Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page September 28, 2007 is a date that changed my life forever. Growing up I never really felt like I had a place in this world. My parents got married and had me at a young age. My mom wasn’t quite ready to be a mother, and my dad did the best he could. My parents divorced when I was twelve, and that day is when my world ended and I felt like no one cared about how the outcome of their decisions would affect me. I thought the anger, loneliness, and my battered emotions, was the way my life would be, so I accepted it. As a child, I tried to numb myself from the pain and move forward in my life. My teenage years were quite memorable, but unfortunately not as positive as I wish they could have been. When I turned sixteen, I felt like school was not important. I could never focus and my behavior left me getting into a lot of trouble. I chose to drop out of high school and see what else life had in store for me. I started hanging out with the wrong people, which led me to getting a false identification card that said I was twenty-one. Then I began going to adult clubs with these friends. As I entered the club life, it was like a new world to me. I started drinking and partying on a consistent basis. The club scene became so much a part of me that for the next couple of years of my teenage life, that’s all my life consisted of. I had no goals and no positive outlook on my life. The only thing I became to know and like to do was party and hang out with my friends. When I turned eighteen, little did I know I was in store for some life changing news. When I turned eighteen I officially became an adult. Little did I know that in becoming an actual adult I was about to be hit with the most shocking news ever. One morning I woke up, I just didn’t feel well at all. So the next day I went to the doctor to find out why I was feeling so under the weather. The doctor ran some test as I sat there and patiently waited for the results. Finally the doctor comes in and says, â€Å"Congratulations, you’re pregnant†! I didn’t quite understand, so I asked him to repeat his self once more, so I could make sure I heard right before I went into a complete state of shock. The doctor repeated himself with saying, â€Å"Congratulations, you’re pregnant†! My whole world started spinning. I didn’t know how to take the news. I was scared and confused. I didn’t really know how to take care of myself, better yet bring a child in this world. Before going to the doctor the only thing I had become immune to doing is partying and drinking. Now I had to reconsider my whole life. Being a mom I never really considered that lifestyle before. Now I was faced with a decision that was going to change the rest of my life. I didn’t really know what to do, however, all I knew is that I was pregnant. During my pregnancy I stop drinking, but continued to party. Partying was a path I continued down, because that was all I knew, and the friends I thought I had were the only people who I felt cared about me. I continued to go to the club until I was eight months pregnant. By this time, I was far enough to know that I was having a girl. I had put on enough weight, where being in the clubs became miserable. I just wanted to rest, something I had not done in a long time. As I became further along in my pregnancy, I started to think about what I was going to do and where I was going to be once I had my daughter. When I first became pregnant my mom told me she didn’t want anything to do with me, but as I got closer to my due date she became more accepting. I packed my stuff up and decided to go back home to my mom’s house, where I could be to myself and focus on my future until I delivered. I spent the remainder of my pregnancy at my mom’s house. I had nothing but time to rest and think about the future I was soon to be faced with me and my unborn child. As I thought about my future my mind was still everywhere, and uncertain about what I was going to do. I didn’t know how to be a mom or how I was going to take care of a child. My due date was set for September 22, and was getting closer and closer. It was September, 28 2007, and the weather was beautiful and warm. I was set to deliver my daughter on September 22, but my baby was running late, guess she was just not ready to come in the world yet. September 28, I was supposed to go to the hospital and be induced since my baby hadn’t been quite ready to come on the original due date. When I got to the hospital I ended up not getting induced, because I went straight into labor. After twelve hours of labor, the time had come for me to push. After my first three pushes I felt a major release of pressure. When I looked up, there she was, my beautiful baby girl! After spending two days in the hospital, I got to bring my daughter home. From that point I knew my life would change forever. When I looked at my daughter, everything I ever felt missing in my life as far as the love, neglect, and loneliness started to go away. All I knew was that I wanted to love and be the best mom I could be for my daughter. From that moment I brought my daughter home is when I realized that I was somebody in life. I wanted to change, so I could reflect, and be the most positive person that I could be for myself and child. Today in my life, if someone were to ask me if I ever considered being a parent and how it could affect my life, I could honestly say â€Å"Yes†, because now I am a parent and have truly adapted to the word sacrifice. Once I became a mom I wanted to be the best possible role model I could be for my daughter. I knew for me to be a good role model, I had to work on myself to set a good example for my child. Everything that wasn’t important to me when I was a teenager had become goals for me to accomplish as a mother. I went back to school and got my GED, and now I am a college student. I no longer go to the clubs or drink. I’ve realized that there is way more to life than what you settle for. Now I can say I am a great role model not only for myself, or my daughter, but for anyone.

The Crucible And The Use Of Au Essay Example For Students

The Crucible And The Use Of Au Essay Todays society is composed of a country built on the Constitution, which is governed by laws, justice in these laws and authority. Authority holds precedence in any situation; the policeman upholding the law, the judge administering justice, the common citizen being law abiding. However, true authority is not constituted by a diploma, an appointment, or a title, it is earned by respect, honor and integrity. All of which are misused, and misunderstood, in the The Crucible. Authority can be a means of rectifying ones situation in a community. With a title, authority is swayed to protect a persons image or self respect, resulting in anothers misfortune. Reverend Parris himself led in the persecution of several innocent townspeople, all in protection of his own image and pulpit let it be disgraced by a niece that was a liar and sleep around. Now a man of lesser title, or precedent, would probably have been sneered at for believing his niece was afflicted with witchcraft and carrying out such accusations against the townspeople, but, as a man of god, more people were willing to believe in his feelings, resulting in the death of 20 individuals. Thomas Putnam, a man resembling wealth and property authority, was able to conveniently gain more property and wealth as a means of accusing his enemies of witchcraft to spite his own profit. Deputy Governor Danforth, a symbol of civil authority, controlled the court to his advantage by limiting his thoughts in regar ds to the obvious act put in front of him by the afflicted girls. A person who may have been innocent could easily be persecuted by a wealthy or titled person who had more authority, or was deemed so by the standards of the day or the title beseeched him. We will write a custom essay on The Crucible And The Use Of Au specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Respect and honor are key in maintaining authority. A persons true authority comes from the people, and is gained only through respect and honor. A respected person holds more weight in a society than any wealthy or titled individual. Rebecca Nurse, who is well known in Beverly for her goodwill, shows authority over the people who believe in her and mourn her when she is being persecuted for witchcraft. John Proctor also holds authority throughout the trials as an honest working man who holds deep honor and integrity for himself, despite his previous acts of adultery. Rebecca and John both lead the people in establishing a crumbling within the trials, they are deeply respected within the community. Nurse is not the Bridget Bishop who slept with her husband a year before marriage, and John is not the man who drank his family into debt and starvation. These facts give them a higher edge in the community, and cause in the dissolution of the trials themselves. Respect and honor earn them both authority in Salem, a position normally bestowed on titled or diplomed individuals who may, or may not, deserve it. A person with integrity can also easily hold authority in a situation. Reverand Hale shows true authority when he realizes that innocents are being helplessly persecuted, and shows so by leaving the court. Procter shows integrity for himself when he refuses to sign his declaration of being possessed by the devil. Governor Danforth lacked authority as a result of lacking integrity. By failing to remain open minded in relation to F. Nurse, Giles Corey, Mary Warren and Proctors declarations, his true authority became non existent, people were more willing to defy him and the courts after his own acts against justice. Authority cannot be appointed. There is good and evil to each person, regardless of position or social class. Authority can fall into the wrong hands at any time as a result of a title (i.e., Sudam Husain and Adolph Hitler.) True authority is earned, and used in benefit, not destruction, of man kind.

Introduction To The Global Tourism Hospitality Tourism Essays

Introduction To The Global Tourism Hospitality Tourism Essays Introduction To The Global Tourism Hospitality Tourism Essay Introduction To The Global Tourism Hospitality Tourism Essay so they might desire to book a room at 4 leading hotel to kip ( Lodging service ) . After that clients want to see a park ( Recreation service ) and eventually they book a tabular array at their hotel to hold dinner ( Restaurant service ) . I think in the hereafter, with the development of engineering, people will cognize more about their options and they might hold new desire. Thus there will be more professions under the umbrella of cordial reception and touristry and they may attach more closely through electronic devices to each other. Exercise 2 VIETNAM Figure 1.The figure of tourers from 2008 2010 in Vietnam ( Beginning: General statistics Office of Vietnam ) In the graph, the informations of outbound clients in Vietnam was non shown for several grounds. The figure of tourer growing important from 2008 to 2010. There is a little lessening in inbound informations in 2009 around 1.5 1000000s visitants while the figure of domestic quickly raised more than 3 1000000s visitants per twelvemonth. In fact, merely the information on international visitants to Vietnam are published monthly, and informations on domestic and entire gross from touristry is frequently merely reported in the six months of the one-year meeting of the industry. Deputy General Director of the General Statistics Office said Tran Thi Hang, plan studies, national statistics, the new unit every 2-3 old ages she expenditure study of international visitants to Vietnam, domestic tourers foreign and domestic travel one time. ( Chile, 2012 ) . Missing information might forestall the governments from doing policy program every bit good as anticipation about the long term and short-run development of touristry and the development of market. As a consequence, the authorities might non command the domestic touristry and outbound like taxing, foreign exchange, back up the client s right, duties of travel agents, hotels aˆÂ ¦ . Australia Figure 1. The figure of tourers from 2008 2010 in Australia ( Beginnings: Tourism Research Australia, 2012 ; Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011 ; Overseas Arrivals and Departures, 2012 ) As can be seen, the touristry market of Australia was stable with little lessenings. The entire figure of tourers in 2008 was 81,495,000 visitants while there were 79,793,000 visitants in 2010. Meanwhile, the figure of Vietnam touristry market rose dramatically over a period of 3 old ages. In 2008 and 2009, the touristry sector of Australia was influenced somewhat by the economic system crisis. However, the informations of inbound and domestic clients in Vietnam kept increasing steadily. From my position, during the hard clip of economic system, people want to airt their finishs to developing states to salvage money. Table.1 Compare the Employment in touristry by sectors Vietnam ( 2010 ) Australia ( 2010 ) Direct labor 434, 240 513,900 Adjustment and nutrient services 207,600 232,400 Travel bureau and conveyance 65,800 92,500 Indirect labor 955,350 393,400 Other services 160,840 189,000 Entire 1,389,600 907,300 ( Beginning: General Statistics Office of Vietnam, 2011 and Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011 ; Tourism Research Australia, 2012 ) As can be seen, the entire figure of people working in Hospitality section in Vietnam is much higher than the figure of Australia ( around 1,4 million and 900 thousand severally ) . However, the figure of direct labor of Vietnam is lower than Australia s ( 434 1000 and 513 1000 ) . On the other manus, Vietnam has more people contribute indirectly to cordial reception industry than Australia has ( about 955 1000 and 393 1000 ) . In my sentiment, Vietnamese labor force is much abundant than that of Australia and this affair might take to both strong points and drawbacks. First of wholly, as for the advantages, cordial reception industry might hold cheap labour cost, which save them a batch of disbursal. However, the labour force in Vietnam is non equal in quality and easy to be replaced. TOPIC 2 CURRENT ISSUES FOR THE TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY A brief history Four Season Hotel From a little hotel opened in Toronto, Canada, Four Season Corporation becomes a great international hotel group, which provides the most epicurean and satisfactory services to clients. In this exercising, I would wish to sketch the development and enlargement of Four Season globally. Canada In 1961 the first Four Seasons hotel opened at Toronto, Canada by Issy Sharp England In 1970, Inn on the Park London ( subsequently renamed Four Seasons Hotel London ) opened. USA In 1976, the Four Seasons officially enter the American market Maui In 1990, Four Seasons launched its first tropical resort, in Maui. Asia In 1992 Four Seasons started their enlargement to Asia with the first hotel opened in Tokyo. In 2002 Four Seasons entered Chinese market with the hotel in Shanghai. In May 2008, Four Seasons marked its entry into the Indian market Middle East In 2000, launched the first hotel in the Middle East ( Four Seasons Cairo ) .There followed a outstanding extension in the part. Four Season Hotel today As shown above, Four Seasons measure by measure expand its operation and influences to the international cordial reception industry. Nowadays, Four Seasons exist in about Continental and one of the most possible markets is Asia since Asiatic market is developing and it is traveling to be the biggest market by 2020 ( Amadeus study November 2012 ) lt ; Hotels 2020: Beyond Segmentation, Report by Amadeus, 2010 gt ; . Evaluation Presently, with 88 hotels and resorts in 35 states, Four Seasons has strong repute, which provides high degree services delivered by good -trained staff. I think that one of the grounds make Four Seasons become typical among rivals is the duty to convey new experience to clients. For illustration, Four Seasons is traveling to present the first Around-The-World by Private Jet circuit trip, a trade name new, alone service to clients ( Four Seasons Corporate Newsletter A September 28, 2012 ) . Four Seasons Hotel group has immense impacts to the planetary concern universe in footings of advanced service and technological advancement. For illustration, Four Seasons Hotels and Resorts has been ranked figure one in Digital IQ Index: Hotels study for the contraption of digital platform ( Four Seasons Corporate Newsletter B September 28, 2012 ) . The chief planetary challenges Speaking of the planetary schemes, I believe that turn outing the memorable experiences for invitees and quality relationships with employees and concern spouses ( Harmonizing to Michael D. Johnson, the Cornell Hospitality Hotel School s dean ) and following its life values are two of the major schemes that Four Seasons apply. The life values include: encouraging sustainability, constructing communities and progressing malignant neoplastic disease research. TOPIC 3 Ownership AND MANAGEMENT STRUCTURES AND THE ACCOMMODATION SECTOR Discussion inquiries The different hotel ownership options Hotel ownership options Advantages Disadvantages Owned by a individual entity or group that has hired a hotel direction company to run the belongings A qualified and experient director operates the belongingss. Hotel proprietors and direction companies might conflict. Lower benefit for proprietors. A hotel concatenation Existing good repute, operation manners, staff preparation. Hotel concatenation has the same standard quality of services and merchandises. Require immense initial resources The different hotel in concatenation might vie with each other. A major alteration in hotel ironss need a batch of money and clip. A franchise The merchandises and services have already been developed and have repute. The franchisee used the logo, motto, selling and fiscal aid of the franchisor to get down the concern, old market, a web of loyal and low-cost supplies. The cost opening a franchise demand a batch of money for trade name, signage, aˆÂ ¦ If your franchise decides to travel through a major alteration. A franchisee may be required to upgrade installations and signage, all at your disbursal. Repute: Name acknowledgment is one of the biggest advantages in buying a franchise. If the trade name s repute suffers for any ground, nevertheless, the franchisees besides suffer from hapless consumer perceptual experience. Limited growing potency: a franchisee can non franchise an operation and must look alternatively to buying extra franchises. City Hotels in Sydney: Shangri-La Hotel, Four Seasons Hotel, Sheraton, InterContinentalaˆÂ ¦ . Resort Hotels in Sydney: Old Sydney Park royal, Parramatta Apartments, Park Lodge Hotel, Renaissance Sydney Hotel, Waldorf Apartment Hotel, Waldorf East Sydney, Woolloomooloo Waters HotelaˆÂ ¦ Pricing differences for adjustment bundles The monetary value for Residential Hotels adjustment bundle includes: + Room service, maid service, wash installations. + Cooking installations, particularly for kids. The monetary value for All Suite Hotels adjustment bundle includes: + Room service, maid service, wash installations. + Separate sleeping room and populating countries and full kitchen + Housekeeping service + Food and drink services are available through room service. The monetary value for Resort Hotels adjustment bundle includes: + Adjustment with full experiments. + Full installations such as massage and salon intervention, swimming pool, aqualung diving, mounting mountainsaˆÂ ¦ + Food and drink service or eating houses with many of picks. City Center Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. + Food and drink service in eating houses Airport Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. Motels: + Adjustment with full furniture. Transient Hotels: + Room service, maid service, breakfast. Bed and Breakfast. + Room service, breakfast. The typical invitee mix of two types hotel The metropolis Centre hotels have certain advantages like: + Convenient locations + A assortment of adjustment suites + Food and drink mercantile establishments depending on demand and clients + Facilities like gift stores, swimming pools, watering place and sweat room aˆÂ ¦ + Convention installations such as conference suites, convention equipment The clients of metropolis Centre hotels: + Corporate persons + The senior corporate groups + Leisure clients + Convention and/or association groups + Tour groups + Government and military travelers + Regional pickup or weekend travelers. The metropolis Centre hotels have some advantages like: + Suites with full comfortss + Providing room service, maid service, wash installations + Full equipped with cookery installations and recreational installations for kids Residential hotels guest mix might include: + Long-term stay invitees: military or authorities employees + Leisure travelers or dorsum baggers Compare sail ships and resort hotels There are many similarities of sail ships and resort hotels that make people think sail is drifting resort. Both cruise ships and resort hotels aim at clients who want bask a long period vacation. Their substructures of sail ships and resort hotels are the combination of different edifices and installations inside their countries, such as suites, eating houses, swimming pool, watering place and sauna country, entertains areaaˆÂ ¦ Both sail ships and resort hotels activities rely on clime and season However, there are many differences between these two sorts of hotels and comparison with their outlook to take the most suited 1 for them. First, the experience between sail ships and resort hotels is so different. The sail line drive is a rider ship used for pleasance ocean trips. An advantage to taking a sail line is the alone experience of sailing from island to island ( Banks, n.d ) . The position from a private balcony on a sail ship is adequate to do anyone feel like a universe traveler. Cruise ship spends most of its clip on the ocean, clients can entertain many activities which is provided free installations. It is available both twenty-four hours and dark and is by and large more piquant than the amusement that is offered at an across-the-board resort ( Banks, n.d ) . The clients can kip the dark off while they are going to the following finish, go forthing they refreshed to ship on a new escapade ( Banks, n.d ) . One disadvantage to taking an across-the-board resort is that client will merely see one finish ( Banks, n.d ) . The amusement at an across-the-board resort is besides normally less diverse than a sai l ship ( Banks, n.d ) . However, experience of resort might be the favorable clime and broad scope of recreational activities ( Banks, n.d ) . Resort hotels are frequently located at comfy clime parts such as beaches, hills or mountains ( Banks, n.d ) . Consequently, cruise ships and resort purpose at different groups of clients, who have different demand in footings of, experience, services Case survey: The instance survey presents the scheme of Royal Hotel about a redevelopment plan. This hotel had a loyal patronage and ranked as a top of the line belongings. Hotel do non desire to take the hazard of losing clients to rivals so directors decided to stay unfastened and maintain in operation any suites or parts of the hotel which did non hold to be shut down for building. Those jobs is the cause that the clients complaint about ongoing building in public countries and hallways, along with the attendant dust, confusion, and noise. In this state of affairs, some necessary solutions should be given including: Isolating building countries from the remainder of the edifice by marks, publicizing background in order to divide the working countries of builders from countries for clients. Minimizing the impact of noise, dust, and building stuffs. Increasing organisational activities, events to scatter the attending of clients from the mending countries. Increasing publicity and other benefits for clients who were affected by the renovation. The conditions needed for the solution include the promotional plans and the budget for dialogue with clients in peculiar state of affairss. Besides, the redevelopment plan should be speeded up to cut down noise and affects to clients. TOPIC 4 ROOMS DIVISION AN OVERVIEW FROM A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE Reading This article proposes a resort categorization system which provide definition saying minimal makings for a resort and proposes a categorization system based on scope and range of comfortss ( Brey 2011 ) . However, there are many categorising resorts made by national authoritiess About the definition, Concentrating on resorts as existent estate developments, a definition by Schmitz et Al. ( 2008 ) requires three primary features: inclusion in master-planned existent estate developments, propinquity or easy entree to important comfortss, and lodging ( Brey 2011 ) . In an attempt to standardise a diverse group of resorts, the Organization of American States ( OAS ) placed minimal structural and auxiliary demands to unite single evaluation systems throughout the Caribbean ( Caribbean Innkeeper 2007 ) . While these elucidation activities have successfully served a specific intent, they lack industry-wide application As for categorization, the first class, finish resort, service as the primary motive to see a finish and have characteristically high degrees of service ( Brey 2011 ) . Following, intermediate resort, typically located in a rural location, provides a scope of activities and comfortss that is non every bit comprehensive as what is found at finish resorts. Last, specialized resort, can be found in any location and supply a focussed experience around one signature agreeableness or ground tackle property. We can see the of import function of categorization its helps the directors can command, measure and and do scheme program for their resort. The on-line travel agents bring to the hotel many benefits and drawbacks, they are besides of import distribution channel to do hotel s stock list available to planetary audience. Hospitality suppliers want to utilize engineering to administer their stock list straight, it is impossible to deny the function of on-line travel agent presently. Many hotel engagements are implemented through on-line travel agents and online tools. As for advantages, the relationship between hotels and the on-line travel agents called LOVE . Online mediators have evolved to cover different theoretical accounts, reach different market. Hotels and online travel agent need each other, hotel demand agent to drive demand and agent demand hotels to offer services. Both sides need each other, both hotels and the on-line travel agents develop and trust on each other to develop. However, hotels loss the power to lend by themselves, they must portion more committees to pay for agent so fewer profitableness. That is the ground why hotels HATE the on-line travel agents. The love hatred relationship seems to be most intense between big hotel group and big online travel agents. Since the big hotel create a monopoly amongst on-line agents. In general, on-line travel agents and mediators are now indispensable portion of the industry and as for the hotel, an absolute necessity. Gross direction and gross revenues staff have close relation with each other because they together make determinations sing rate, accept group concern and prognosis. However, they can further better coordination to minimise the misinterpretation and understand exhaustively the other s chief undertakings. We understand in some ways that gross direction squad include gross revenues and gross direction forces. One manner to better group gross direction maps is to spread out the collabouration of gross revenues and gross direction forces, peculiarly in pricing ( Cross, Higbie, and Cross 2009 ) and prediction ( Milla and Shoemaker 2008 ) . Gross direction squad are responsible for: Whether to accept a group offer and prognosis room block use to guarantee that suites will be filled or released for sale to transient invitees. Although holding the frequence of formal meetings, the two respondent groups are still holding certain informal meetings. With respect to formal meetings, the highest mentioned frequences were daily or one or two times per hebdomad. The informal meeting to assist communicating between the gross direction and gross revenues maps better. Case Study: The instance survey describes the new place for Morgan Black in the Coug Inn. The Cougar- Inn is in a distant location near local university, with 150-room full-service belongings with several moderate-sized conference suites. After detecting, Morgan Black found out some jobs of the forepart desk: the check-in procedure which still in the traditional procedure and the hapless communicating between housekeeping and the fount desk. Morgan wants to utilize the machine-controlled belongings direction system, nevertheless the forepart desk director do non believe it is deserving money In my sentiment, Morgan should see a figure of issues like employee wont, the ability to budget for the system and the version of employees to work with systems. The proposed check-in clip of the fount desk Morgan need to find whether the forepart desk clerks truly necessitate more clip to set up check-in. Which the crunch clip which because of the reserve procedure or complex reserve signifier or hapless communicating between the parts such as forepart desk, reserve and housework by the linguistic communication or the procedure? Morgan should show the solutions for the communicating issue between housekeeping and the fount desk. There is the needful aware of communicating between each section. The international linguistic communication must be English for concern and the hotel should hold developing English and automated belongings direction system. The director of housekeeping should hold regulations to promote staff utilizing English in work. On the other manus, utilizing automated belongings direction system will assist to minimise the error in communicating ; the transmitted information will be more accurate. In the easier manner, Morgan should engage new employee who can utilize international concern English in workplace. The concluding determination requires the engagement of the corporate office, the fount desk, reserve and housework. The corporate office will command the budgets, who will make up ones mind where the money comes and which is worth for investing. The fount desk are the staff for a long clip and the corporate office needs to give their thoughts and advice before any methods are implemented. The housework must concern for understanding their function in new belongings direction system. Subject 5 Food and Beverage The two basic types of beer and three Australian common trade names Beer is by and large categorized into types harmonizing to the type of barm used during agitation. Ales are beers that use top-fermenting barm, while laagers are those that use bottom-fermenting barm. The pick of barm provides the beer different features, which can change the expression and gustatory sensation of the brew ( Richard, 2007 ) The two types of beer are besides different in other ways. For case, ales are fermented in a warmer temperature, which is why it takes a shorter sum of clip to ferment. On the other manus, laagers are fermented in moderate temperatures. The warm agitation temperature besides gives ales a nutlike or fruity gustatory sensation. Ale Laager Thousands of old ages old Relatively new Fermented warm Fermented cold Top agitation Bottom agitation Yeast Saccharomyces cervisiae Yeast Saccharomyces Uvarum Quick brew rhythm every bit small as 7 yearss Longer brew rhythm up to several months Normally brewed between 59 77 grades F Normally brewed between 40 and 55 grades F Strong, self-asserting, and more robust in gustatory sensation Smoother, crisper, and more subtle in gustatory sensation and olfactory property Served non excessively cool, normally 50-55 grades F, 10-14 grades C, A sometimes calledA cellar temperature . Served cold, normally 40-45 grades F, 4-7 grades C. Table 5.1 The differences between Ale and Lager ( Beginning: Richard, 2007 What is the difference between an ale and a laager? ) The two major beer manufacturers Carlton A ; United Breweries ( CUB ) is one of the most iconic beer companies in Australia with our history traveling back to 1824 ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) In 2011, we demerged from our vino arm and became portion of the SABMiller group, the 2nd largest beer maker in the universe. This has allowed us to return to our heritage and nucleus strength as a beer maker ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) CUB intoxicant drink gross revenues squad services over 17,000 clients across the on-premise and off-premise channels and our national brewing, logistics and gross revenues web delivers to over 20,000 clients including hotels, nines, spirits shops, eating houses and bars ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) Victoria Bitter ( VB ) has long been Australia s favorite beer, and is specially brewed to present full spirit when ice cold, doing it the ideal beer for the Australian clime ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) VB is a full flavoured, full strength beer at 4.9 % ; the soft fruitiness of the olfactory property compliments the sweet maltiness in the oral cavity which in bend balances absolutely with the clean hop resentment of the coating ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) ; Crown Lager is Australia s premium laager beer ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) It has a creamy fruitiness with a rich, malty mid-palate, balA ­anced with the chip, clean coating of Pride of Ringwood hops ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) Brewed from the finest malt and hops, utilizing CUB s original and alone strain of brewing barm, extended storage softens, and rounds out, the spirits produced during agitation, ALC/VOL: 4.9 % ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) Carlton Draught is a traditional, neat laager that is crisp on the mid-palate with a good malt character and smooth racy spirit ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) Clean hop resentment gives the brew a somewhat dry coating. Synonymous with the beginnings of the brewery itself, Carlton Draught is renowned for savoring every bit fresh as it did the twenty-four hours it was brewed. And it s that sort of consistence in gustatory sensation that s been of import to Australians for coevalss. ALC/VOL: 4.6 % ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) Miller Genuine Draft is the original easy imbibing beer cold filtered four times for a chip, smooth and reviewing gustatory sensation. MGD contains no additives or preservatives. ALC/VOL: 4.7 % ( CarltonA A ; A United Breweries, n.d, ) Lion is a drink company that operates in Australia and New Zealand and produces and markets a scope of beer, vino, RTDs and liquors ( Lion, n.d ) Tooheys New is the authoritative, easy-drinking Australian laager brewed with no unreal additives and no preservatives ( Lion, n.d ) . Its lightly hopped, malty character delivers the perfect balance of acrimonious and sweet beer spirits XXXX GOLD is a reviewing mid-strength beer that continues the great tradition of FOUREX brewing heritage, by being brewed with the finest Australian malt, barley and alone aureate bunch hops. XXXX GOLD has a balanced, smooth spirits and organic structure, complimented by mild resentment and a hint of sugariness from the excess malt. ( Lion, n.d ) Hahn premium beer is merely every bit good as its ingredients. That s why our pioneering squad scoured the Earth to piece three particular hops, one of which is grown in Germany on the Hersbruck Hills, North of Munich. It s that involuntariness to settle for anything but the best that makes Hahn Premium. ( Lion, n.d ) James Squire is produced by the Malt Shovel Brewery in Sydney. The beer is named after the inmate beer maker James Squire, who is claimed to hold created Australia s first commercial brewery.The brewery has won assorted awards including: Champion Australasian Brewery, 2000 and 2003 ( Australian International Beer Awards ) , [ 14 ] and Best Bohemian-Style Pilsener, 2008 ( World Beer Cup ) ( Lion, n.d ) The dress shop breweries Boutique breweries: A little brewery, by and large bring forthing fewer than 10,000 barrels of beer and ale a twelvemonth and often selling its merchandises on the premises. Besides called microbrewery. Three Australian dress shop beers include: Carlton and United Breweries owned by Foster s Group Main Beers: VB, Crown Lager, Carlton Draught, Pure Blonde and Reschs Pilsener Tooheys owned by Lion Nathan Main Beers: Tooheys New, Tooheys Old and Tooheys Extra Dry Castlemaine Perkins owned by Lion Nathan Main Beers: XXXX Bitter, XXXX Gold, XXXX Light, XXXX Summer Bright Lager The most popular abroad beers Heineken is a pale laager beer with 5 % intoxicant by volume produced by the Dutch brewing company Heineken International. Olfactory property: A little spot of sweet coarseness and no hop aroma. As the beer warms up there is more of a malt character nowadays. Again, unlike the about undrinkable bottle version, the can has the olfactory property of a nice to manner laager. Appearance: Merely like it should be, a light gold coloring material and crystal clear. Head keeping is white and does non prevail. Spirits: Nice and dry, but chip. There is a definite barm character that seems to work good with the little hop resentment. No hop spirit to talk of. No dactyl, and there is a definite carbonaceous bite from the carbonation. Overall: A really potable beer that benefits from being packaged in a visible radiation and O free can. Modelo Especial: It is an American laager produced by the produced by Grupo Modelo in 1925 Olfactory property: Light struck, of class. Other than the rotter, some bready, thin malt profile. Sweet mildly acrimonious grains, maize. Appearance: Pale yellow. High clarify. Tonss of lifting bubbles. No lacing. Spirit: Better than the olfactory property. Mild malt sugariness, maize and possibly rice. Some acrimonious bite at the terminal Overall Impression: Very easy to imbibe, bland and unsubstantial San Miguel Pale Pilsen: produced by San Miguel Corporation from Philippines

MKT 501 MoD 2 Case Assign Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

MKT 501 MoD 2 Case Assign - Essay Example Apple pursues a branding strategy, which mainly focuses on emotions of people. It reflects the lifestyle, liberty, imagination, passion, innovation, dreams, hopes and aspiration (Anonymous, n.d.). Furthermore, personality of the Apple brand, also, reflects simplicity as well as elimination of intricacies from lives of human beings. The company positions itself as a humanistic company, which believes in people-driven product design and maintains a cordial connection with customers. Hence, from an overall viewpoint, the branding and position strategy of Apple reflects a strong importance that the company gives to the needs and aspirations of customers. The web-based solution that manages workflow, acts as a communication tool as well as monitors real time performance from Microsoft is known as Multi Application Tracker System, or commonly known as MatsSoft (Anonymous, 2012). The product is principally aimed at speeding up daily operations of the health care, financial service and public sector. Since the last few years, the company has depended heavily on the referrals. However, the company has recently changed its branding and positioning strategy, where the firm seeks to increase overall sales by targeting new customers through channel partners as well as direct marketing efforts (Kulkarni, 2013). Nonetheless, due to adaptability to a large number of business activities, the company attempted to rebrand it in order to create a single brand identity for itself. As a result of that, the company launched a campaign and â€Å"strong blue-and-orange brand identity† was at the core of this campaign. The company positioned itsel f as a firm, which seeks others’ happiness by reducing complexities of business process. The tagline of the brand, â€Å"‘Happiness made easy’, is also consistent along with intentions of the firm. Hence, from the analysis, it is evident

Artistic Area Changing From 19th Century to 20th Century Essay

Artistic Area Changing From 19th Century to 20th Century - Essay Example During this era, Paris was reconstructed which can be termed as a symbol of a world of freshness in the field of art. This city acted as a cultural capital offering great chances to people who were interested in the field of art. Art training institutions came up and artists were able to travel all round Europe to widen their knowledge and ideas. Consequently, artists were able to reflect their own feelings and emotions through art such as poetry (Yanli 54). With the decline of the enlightenment age, philosophers and poets started to question the ideals of enlightenment such as science, rationality and logic. At this point, poets sought to find out if these ideas were good enough for mankind (Barrette 60). They did this through Romanticism and Idealism, which revolutionized their way of thinking completely. The two movements existed concurrently and were characterized by the nature of poets putting emotions and feelings before reason. The main aim of romanticism and idealism movement s was for artists to express what they felt inside regardless of the rational perspective of those feelings. This was mostly done in the expression of romantic feelings. The romantic period lasted approximately 25 years, and is still said to be the greatest movement in the field of literature. Some of the poems at this time included: A Brother in Need by Henrik Ibsen, The Dole of the King’s Daughter by Oscar Wilde and The Grave and the Rose by Victor Hugo (Monius 1406). A critical study of the three poems depicts a social satire expressing the oppression that existed in the field of love. Tillmann and Dowling (628) assert that romantic poets made nature to be central in majority of their works, where they used it metaphorically to represent human relations to one another. These poems expressed passion indirectly, hence readers were expected to imagine and read them with an open mind. The message in these poems was clear as it openly portrayed the heart to be central in our li ves. As a result, the way we relate with nature and other people is determined by our hearts, and it reflects our lives. Through these poems, the ego-centric nature of man is put forth, where people were ready to do anything to have what their hearts desired (Barrette 79). This perspective was later taken over by the rational perspective as poets changed their poetic styles. The 20th Century Artistic thought during the 20th century was highly influenced by science as it dictated almost every aspect of man (Yanli 55). At this time, nuclear weapons were being used during war, making people to adopt new ways of looking at life. The two major literary criticisms of this time were: modernism which was later followed by post-modernism. After the enlightenment era, the educated elite gained confidence within themselves as they were able to explain nature and science. However, the industrial revolution brought about its own evils, creating a feeling of resentment within poets, which was exp ressed through modernism (Tillmann and Dowling, 629). The social lives of people were affected with the subsequent urbanization, while the field of politics was marked by diverse views of capitalism and communism. According to Sacvan (574), during this era, American poets had dominated the field of poetry as they sought to give explanations to what was happening around the world. Some of the poems composed during this time include: Allen Ginsberg’

Op-ed paper - The Rise of Plutocrats Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Op-ed paper - The Rise of Plutocrats - Essay Example The growth of plutocrats in the 21st century has been supported by the growing global businesses, emergence of technology and neoliberalism as captured in her publication. The rise of plutocrats has been facilitated by the era of neoliberalism, emergence of technology which enables plutocrats to control factors of production and economic globalization. The rise of global plutocrats has significant political implication in various parts of the world especially on countries that have influence on global business and trade (Gardels, 2013). In this paper, the impacts of globalization, technology and neoliberalism on plutocrats will be discussed in this paper including its implications on global politics. Freeland (2012) identifies neoliberalism, economic globalization and change in technology as some of the emerging issues in this era that influences the emergence of plutocracy. Neoliberalism is defined as the growth of ideas that thrive on a free society thus leading to the development of free trade and a decline in government interference. Neoliberalism has facilitated the emergence of plutocracy through the strengthening of the belief that despite the social position we hold in the society at birth, we are well placed to rise to the top by utilizing our talent (Gardels, 2013). With a laissez fairer economics, the market is liberated from any form of political or government interference, opening business opportunities with those with the means to acquire the factors of production. Under neoliberalism, the state should not in any way interfere with the business activities of the private sector. Instead, it should introduce the right safeguards aimed at protecting private property and ensuring that the activities of the plutocrats are not affected by policies which restrict the market (Gardels, 2013). According to

Case Analysis On Merloni Elettrodomestici Spa Economics Essay

Case Analysis On Merloni Elettrodomestici Spa Economics Essay Merloni Elettrodomestici SpA is an Italian company based in Fabriano and is one of Europes biggest makers of home appliances. In February 2005, Merloni Elettrodomestici was renamed Indesit Company, Indesit being the best known of the Groups brands outside Italy. The Company was also operating under its historic brand, Ariston, and the regional brands Hotpoint, Scholtes and Stinol. During the perio from 1984 to 1986, Merloni undertook a number of initiatives to improve efficiency in inventory control and logistics. One such initiative was the transit point experiment where in the Milano region, regional distribution centre was eliminated in favour of tranit points which held zero inventory. The following is an analysis of the Transit Point Experiment conducted by Merloni: Cost saving in terms of infrastructure cost of regional warehouses and their maintenance. The company would require lesser amounts of overall inventory to be maintained. As regional warehouses would be closed there would be lesser labor requirements. Transit Point methodology works similar to JIT where-in the required amount of goods are shipped at the required time. Since it works more on the Pull from the customer and due to elimination of regional warehouses, the effect of bullwhip should be lower. Because the regional warehouses will be eliminated, the capacity storage of the central warehouses should be expanded to meet the requirements of the extra Cycle inventory. This would come as an additional cost to the company. Intensive planning of daily shipment should be done. It is not only required to calculate the exact amount of goods to be shipped but also the arrangement of the goods (to eliminate time in loading/unloading activities). Because of this intensive planning more skilled administration staff would be required. If the customer does not order wihin 3pm, the delivery of the product would happen only after the second day. This can lower customer satisfaction. Since no inventory is maintained in near-by locations (as all goods come from central warehouse) if there is any excess demand or out of stock condition (for retailers), the goods will have to be fetched from central warehouse which would take a lot of time. This can lead to loss of goodwill with retailers especially those serving the rural markets. Demand variability is not easily supported by employing Transit Point methodology. If there is an urgent demand for goods in excess of truckload capacity then it can lead to huge additional cost. Another important point which is not mentioned in the case is the importance of the transportation medium. If any of the vehicles breaks-down it could lead to huge delays and pile up of demand. Merloni needs to keep some extra vehicle for a backup. It also needs to maintain the vehicles in good condition. The cost of this has not been accounted for. Since the experiment was carried out only in Milano a relatively smaller numbers of trucks (1 Trailer truck and 3 Small trucks) were required. If the Transit Point methodology is applied through-out Italy, Merloni will need to build up infrastructure and teams to coordinate the the movement of trucks and their transactions. In Merloni, it is the responsibility of the warehouse manager to manage and develop the customer relationship. If the warehouses are eliminated Merloni would still need additional office space for the warehouse managers who also act as Customer Relationship Managers. Another important question is where would Merloni keep the spare parts required for its service personnel. If these too are kept at the central warehouse it could lead to delay thus have a negative impact on the quality of service. The Merloni experiment was conducted when the weather was good. If the weather is bad near the central warehouse but alright in other areas where there is demand, then it can lead to delays. The cost of such delays would be large as Merloni would have to use extra vehicles to ensure the earliest delivery of all the goods once the weather becomes good. Quantitative Analysis: Now we shall look at a quantitative analysis of cost incurred by the company before and after using Transit Point methodology. The case is for region of Roma (information as per exhibit 10). (Ax) would represent cost incurred by using Pre-Transit Point methodology and (Bx) would denote cost incurred by using Transit Point methodology. Calculate the Average Volume/Month at the Regional Distribution Centre (RDC) in Roma. Assuming 20 working days in a month. Average daily demand served from regional warehouse = 154.8 pieces Average Volume/Month = Average daily demand x No of working days = 154.8 x 20 = 3096 pieces. Operating Cost at RDC From exhibit 10 of the case it can be seen that the operating cost at Roma is 3605 Lire/Piece/Month Average inventory levels at RDC = 1200 pieces (from Exhibit 8a) Total Operating Cost/Month at Roma RDC = Operating Cost/Piece/Month x Avg Inventory = 3605 x 1200 = 4326000 Lire Therefore, Operating Cost per piece sold = Total operating cost / No of pieces sold = 4326000 / 3096 = 1397.28 Lire (A1) As per the case, by using Transit Point methodology the Operating Cost has reduced to 20%. Therefore, New Operating Cost per piece sold = 20 % of original Total Operating Cost = 0.20 x 1397.28 = 279.45 Lire -(B1) Inventory Cost at RDC From exhibit 10 of the case it can be seen that the inventory cost at Roma is 1035 Lire/Piece/Month. Total Inventory Cost / Month = Invetory Cost/Piece/Month x Avg Inventory = 1035 x 1200 = 1242000 Lire Inventory cost per piece sold = Total inventory cost / No of pieces sold = 1242000 / 3096 = 401.16 Lire. (A2) Using the Transit Point methodology, zero inventory is maintained. Therefore, Inventory cost per piece sold = 0 Lire (B2) Short Haul Transportation Cost The short haul transportation cost is the cost of transporting goods from regional warehouse or transit point to retailers. This cost would be common for both pre and during Transit Point methodoly usage period Short Haul Transportation cost = 4300 Lire/Piece (A3),(B3) Long Haul Transportation Cost is the cost of transporting goods from the central warehouse to the regional warehouse or transit point. During the pre Transit Point period goods were transported from the central warehouse to the regional warehouses using trailer trucks. Total number of pieces to be shipped per month = 3096 pieces Capacity of one trailer truck = 120 pieces Therefore, Number of trailer trucks required = Total quantity / Capacity of trailer truck = 3096 / 120 = 25.8 trucks Distance between Roma and Fabriano = 165 Km approx. (source: http://www.distance-calculator.co.uk/distance-from-fabriano-to-rome.htm) From Exhibit 11, Cost of using a trailer truck for transport upto 165 Km = 0.36 Million Lire Therefore, Total transporation cost = Cost/Truck x No of trailer trucks = 360000 x 25.8 = 9288000 Lire Transportation cost per piece sold = Total transportation cost / No of pieces sold = 9288000 / 3096 = 3000 Lire (A4) In Transit Point methodology both trailer truck and smaller trucks can be used depending upon the lot size. Since the average daily demand is 154.8 pieces, a minimum of one trailer truck will have to be used every day. i.e. Total volume of goods carried by trailer trucks/month = No of trailer truck in a month x Volume carried by 1 trailer truck = 20 x 120 = 2400 pieces The remaining amount would be carried by smaller trucks. Volume to be carried by smaller trucks = 3096 -2400 = 696 pieces. Therefore, No of smaller trucks required per month = Volume carried by smaller trucks / Capacity of smaller truck = 696 / 45 = 16 trucks This means that in addition to trailer truck a smaller truck also needs to be done for 4 days in every week. From Exhibit 11, Cost of using a smaller truck for transport upto 165 Km = 0.2 Million Lire Total transportation cost = (Cost / Trailer truck x No of trailer trucks) + (Cost / Small truck x No of smaller trucks) = (360000 x 20) + (200000 x 16) = 10400000 Lire Transportation cost per piece sold = Total transportation cost / No of pieces sold = 10400000 / 3096 = 3359.17 Lire -(B4) Inventory cost at central warehouse Because the regional warehouses are going to be removed, some amounts of inventory will be moved to the central warehouse. Total inventory level at all 17 regional warehouses = 14330 pieces Assuming 50% of this is Cycle Stock and the remaining Safety Stock, the Cycle Stock (= 7165) will be moved to the central warehouse. Average Safety stock = 7165 / 17 = 421 pieces. Safety stock required at central warehouse as per Risk Pooling = 421 x à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã… ¡17 = 1735 pieces. Therefore, additional stock required at central warehouse = Safety stock + Cycle stock = 1735 + 7165 = 8900 pieces. Assuming inventory cost as those prevailing in Roma, the extra inventory cost at central warehouse = 8900 x 1035 = 9211500 Lire Additional inventory cost/month/piece sold = 9211500/(20*3096) = 148.76 Lire -(B5) Therefore, Total Cost incurred by the company before deploying Transit Point methodology = (A1) + (A2) + (A3) + (A4) = 1397.28 + 401.16 + 4300 + 3000 = 9098.44 Lire Total Cost incurred by the company by deploying Transit Point methodology = (B1) + (B2) + (B3) + (B4) + (B5) = 279.45 + 0 + 4300 + 3359.17 + 148.76 = 8087.38 Lire Therefore by using Transit Point methodology, Merloni has saved 1011.06 Lire. Now taking this Transit point experiment to India, we can make the following observations Geography The geography of India is different from Italy. India is equally wide in North- South and East West directions. The approximate width is ~3500Kms. This is very high compared to Italy. The towns and cities are farther apart compared to Italy. For a product like home appliances (refrigerator , washing machine , dish washer etc) the market is still in towns and cities in India. The road conditions are also not that good. This means the transportation time between cities will be more compared to Italy. Another point to consider is the demand in a town; this may not be enough to meet a truck load of products. Company will have to find a way to store the excess products which is not being supplied. See exhibit1 for details. Infrastructure Another option we can consider is to have a transit point method for big cities like Mumbai, New Delhi, and Bangalore etc. We can have a transit point set up in outskirts of city and we can have small trucks to distribute units to retailers. This will help to free up or reduce the storage space in ware house in each city. But this again will depend on where you have the center ware house located and will be applicable only if ware house is in a days drive from the city. Also we can try this in states like Kerala where the towns are closer by. But even though this frees up inventory storage space, company may still have to have a small space to store items which dont get distributed or collected the same day. As given in Merloni case we will not be able to leave products in alley or plan to keep in sales office as space is a big constraint. As in Merloni case we may not be able to reuse the storage space for an exhibition house in the case of India, as the storage location is located in outskirts of city in most places. The market segment for home appliances is the people who stay in the city limits and will be reluctant to travel so much for buying a home appliance. Transportation The fuel price costs and spare parts costs will contribute to the transportation cost and will drive it higher. This in turn will result in a higher transportation cost per unit and will eat into the margins. This will be significant in case of a transit point experiment since the delivery is made per day. Another concern is the quality of service timely delivery and state of goods delivered. The time of delivery is very critical in the case of a transit point plan. The delivery to the hub should reach on time to ensure the timely delivery of goods to retailers. With the poor condition of roads and lack of service/repair support along the way, there is a significant risk associated with timely delivery. If a truck breaks down, it is definitely going to add half a day delay to the delivery. Inventory As explained in Infrastructure section, the transit point plan will help to reduce inventory held in big cities and move the same to central ware house location. This again may help company to close down its own Storage location in cities and use private/public warehouse option for the storage of minimal inventory in cities. Customer Service With the transit point plan, the timely delivery of goods in big cities will improve. This will make the retailers in this area happy. But if we try to implement this pan India, it will result in poor delivery times and dissatisfaction. The reasons for this are given above. Labor Cost There may not be any significant reduction in labor expenses, as company may have to get new systems in place to support the transit point plan for big cities. This will kind of compensate for the reduction in storage space cost we are getting in cities. Again we will also need people to take care of the transit point plan execution in big cities. Recommendation Based on the above analysis, below given are the recommendations to implement a transit point plan in India. Implement this plan only in big cities like Bangalore, New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai ,Kolkata, Kerala etc. We can try out this experiment first in a big city like Mumbai and get learnings from there to improve the system and then fan it out to other cities. Another option to make this work is to have multiple large ware houses spread across the country so that every major city is located at a distance of 300-400Kms from the ware house. From this point we can try to run trucks to cities and do a delivery of products to retailers in the city and nearby areas in a 12Hr time frame. For e.g. We can collect distribution data from Tier II big cities like Ahmadabad , Bhopal , Allahabad ,etc. over a period of time and see if it any of the cities have enough demand to meet a truck load. We can also include the close by towns for this calculation. Based on this we can run a transit point distribution around those cities. See exhibit 2. The transit point plan will work well for a manufacturing line where the demand is more fixed than a home appliance store. This will work well as the factory have a well defined schedule on what products will be running in which Assy lines and for how long. In the case of a home appliance store the demand is driven high by a number of local factors like local holidays, local festivals, bonus pay out etc. For a diverse country like India these factors vary widely. A local festival is more limited to a local city or a town and may not be even applicable for the entire state. This makes it more difficult to forecast and plan. On a big picture the transit point plan in this format cannot be implemented pan India as it will result in delayed deliveries and low satisfaction levels. The poor infrastructure, widely spread cities, diverse culture and quality of transportation service all act as variables and makes forecast difficult and can cause a failure in the plan. Exhibit 1 Let us consider a case where the central ware house is located in Bhopal. The approximate distance to close by cities like is as given below. 1. Bhopal Ahmadabad 500Kms 2. Bhopal Allehabad 500kms 3. Bhopal New Delhi 700kms 4. Bhopal Patna 700kms In Indian road conditions we cannot expect a truck to cover more than 400Kms during night and to add to it there will be delays in check posts , for having dinner , traffic blocks etc. More issues will be there in rainy season winter. Hence it is clear that with a central ware house in Bhopal we will not be able to make a delivery to these cities on time. Exhibit 2 We can have ware house in Ahmadabad and use it to meet the demands of close by cities like Vadodara, Surat, and Gandhi Nagar etc. 1. Ahmadabad to Vadodara 100Kms 2. Ahmadabad to Surat 300kms 3. Ahmadabad to Gandhi Nagar 70kms 4. Ahmadabad to Udaipur 250kms. But before implementing this we need to do an ROI calculation to see whether this is viable or not.

Representation of Cloning in the Media Essay -- Argumentative Persuasi

Representation of Cloning in the Media      Ã‚   Since the birth of Dolly, the cloned sheep, the debate over human cloning has been characterized in the media as an ethical debate. When scientists announced that they had cloned an adult sheep, the public also heard that cloning humans was possible. The media stories about this unprecedented feat was not about the procedures utilized in but rather about the morality of the process itself. Media coverage focused on ethical concerns of cloning, its social, religious and physiological significance, and the motivation behind it. Although the there are many views expressed in the media on cloning, the main characterization of cloning as an ethical issue centers around two connected worries: the loss of individuality, and the seemingly evil motivations behind cloning. In a sense media coverage framed the public moral debate on cloning around the above issues.    In the coverage of cloning, the media has chosen to represent cloning as a danger to individuality and uniqueness. This concern about losing individuality stems from the status of clones as copies. The March 10, 1997 cover of Time Magazine shows two large identical pictures of sheep and in the background numerous copies of the same picture and the cover title asks, "Will There be Another of You ?". The picture accompanying the main article shows a coin operated machine dispensing white males, while another picture shows identical bodies dropping out of a test tube. Similar images expressing this concern over the loss of individuality brought on by cloning dominate the popular media.    This representation of cloning as a means of bringing about the loss of individuality reflects two widespread ideas. The first is... ...w, the media has framed the cloning debate as an ethical debate and has provided the framework that much of the public views the issue. Among the articles that I reviewed, the main characterization of cloning as an ethical issue centers around two connected worries: the loss of individuality, the motivations behind cloning. In the presentation cloning the media has not always presented an objective view of cloning, but rather has played upon peoples fears about loss of individuality and questionable use of cloning to create uncertainty among the public.    Works Cited Begley, Sharon, Little Lamb Who Made Thee, Newsweek, March 10, 1997 Elmer Dewitt, Cloning: Where Do We Draw the Line, Time, November 8, 1993 Herbert, Wray, The World After Cloning U.S News & World Report, March 10, 1997 Nash, Madeline, The Age of Cloning, Time, March 10, 1997

Why I Should Be Chosen

There are many reasons I would like to go on the field trip to Hawaii. The first reason is I love to travel and see new things. This trip would be a dream vacation come true for anyone! The first six days look amazing with seven things on the list that I have never done before. Then the camping for six days sounds wonderful with farming, horseback riding, and snorkeling, I have only gone horseback riding once and it was fun, plus my family is involved with horses so I know a lot about them! Every summer my family and I go to Cliff Island, Maine, which is really fun and I love the ocean. I think it would be really cool to see what the Pacific Ocean looks and feels like compared to the Atlantic Ocean. I really want to snorkel, I have never done that, and being a good swimmer, I believe that I would really enjoy it. It sounds fun to snorkel at night too, I wonder if its spooky in the dark water? I also wonder how it would feel to swim in the warm water of the Pacific Ocean compared to the freezing Atlantic Ocean. The whale watch sounds like a lot of fun, we almost went one time in Boston, but then my brother was too scared. It would be nice to have an opportunity to see a whale or a few whales, I have always been interested in learning more about whales because they are such an enormous creature. I am interested in the deep sea fishing, also. I have heard lots of stories from my Uncle about deep sea fishing and have always wanted to go, but have not had a chance too; I have barely gone fishing in the lakes around here so it would be a wonderful experience. Mr. Klein showed the class pictures of the trip this year and I don’t know if there will be the sugar cane adventure, but I would really like to experience and learn about it myself. The plant life in Hawaii is very different from what we have in Vermont and I have never been anywhere warm or where the vegetation is different than what we have here. Imagine how nice it would be to sit under a coconut tree on a nice white sandy beach or to be swinging in a hammock between two trees, or just the thought of being on a seaweed free beach (unlike Casco bay in Maine), sounds really good right about now. I hope we get to do some of these things while we are camping out for the first week. I wonder if we will even need tents or if we will just be able to sleep under the stars on a warm sandy beach. I would like to experience what other places around our country are like and this is a great opportunity to do so. I always thought that Hawaii was much smaller than it really is and was always worried about Tsunamis clearing it off. But after researching the Islands I realize that Hawaii is much larger than I thought. In fact, while I was researching Hawaii I found that from east to west Hawaii is the widest state, which is very cool to look at it like that because it is an island. Another reason I would like to go is I would really like to see a volcano. What better place to explore and learn about volcano`s than Hawaii? I think it would be exciting to see the hardened black lava fields and even hot lava spilling out of an active volcano into the ocean. I have always seen on television the volcanoes in Hawaii and would like to learn first-hand how the islands were created by volcanoes and why they continue to grow. I looked up The City of Refuge on Google and I`ve always wanted to see the giant Tiki`s that are there. I would like to learn more about the City of Refuge, what happened to it, and what it was used for. I wonder how they carved the Tiki`s, it must have been a long process. I wonder how they make the Tiki`s today. I am very curious about the farms on Hawaii. I wonder what they grow for fruits and vegetables. Will it be like what we grow in Vermont, probably not, I imagine it to be very different than what we have here in Vermont. I hope that we can to try some of the fresh fruits and vegetables that they grow on the organic and traditional farms. I wonder if the produce will taste different between the two farms and how different it will taste to what I am used to at home. I love gardening at home with my family. Sometimes I will plant a little garden of my own and tend to it on my own or with my little sister. I think I would really enjoy that part of the trip since I really enjoy it at home. In conclusion, I think this would be a really good learning experience for me if I was to go on this trip. It would be like traveling to a new country but still in the United States. Learning the culture of the Hawaiian people and seeing how they live would be really cool. I think that if I were to go it would not only be a learning experience for me, but one for my family as well, because I would come back and share with them everything I learned and share my experience. This would be something I would remember for the rest of my life and be able to share with my children and maybe even some day take them to Hawaii with me to show them what I did as a teenager. Therefore, if I was to be chosen for this field trip I would work my hardest and be open to learning new and exciting experiences that I have never experienced before.

Principal Teachings About Peace In Christianity Essays

Principal Teachings About Peace In Christianity Essays Principal Teachings About Peace In Christianity Essay Principal Teachings About Peace In Christianity Essay Principal teachings about peace in Christianity Heart of Jesus ministry The teaching of the New Testament affirms the centrality of peace to the Christian message. It was at the heart of the life and ministry of Jesus and accordingly is sought after and taken up by the communities that seek to follow Jesus. Peace is understood as more than merely an absence of violence and conflict. It refers more fully to an overall sense of wellbeing. Ultimately peace is found in union with God. Christians are taught to live at peace with others, both within their own communities and in the wider human family. Christian pacifism Throughout the first three centuries Of the common era Christians adopted a pacifist position and refused to engage in military service or warfare. This was a position that contributed to them being marginals in the wider community and persecuted by the Roman authorities. Yet despite the hardships, Christians as a whole refused to engage in warfare, believing that to do so would be contrary to their faith. The conversion of the Emperor Constantine in the fourth century introduced Christians to a new situation where they were now part of the establishment and the empire was their ally ether than a threat to their existence. This new situation led to a rethinking of the position of the Christian Church in relation to its involvement in warfare. Philosophical challenges This new situation created a number of philosophical challenges to the pacifist stance held by the Christians. They now had to consider how they could maintain and guarantee the freedom of people in the society, in pa reticular their religious freedom. They also had to consider how to protect their property from theft or destruction. Another problem related to the protection of innocent people in the light of acts of aggression by others. These and other similar concerns forced the Christian Church to compromise its hard line stance against military involvement and the use of warfare. The Just War Theory The challenges of this new situation over time led to the development of a just war theory. This theory originated from Augustine, Bishop of Hippo in the fourth century and was modified and refined by various people over the centuries including Thomas Aquinas in the middle ages and Francisco De Aviator in the 16th century. Morally acceptable cause The Just War theory sought to establish guidelines under which it was morally acceptable to engage in warfare. The Just War theory is the source of ongoing debate and although it has considerable standing among Christian denominations it is, nevertheless, problematic in theory as well as in practice. The Just War theory maintains that nations are morally justified in waging war providing that the circumstances of the conflict and the waging of the war meet the following seven principles. 1. War must be aimed at repelling or deterring aggression and safeguarding human rights. 2. It must be authorized by a legitimate authority. 3. The stated objectives for going to war must be the real ones. 4. War must e a last resort; all peaceful alternatives must be exhausted. 5. The probability of success must be sufficiently clear to justify the human and other costs. 6. The damage inflicted by war must be proportionate to its objectives. 7. Noncombatants must not be targeted. Application of Just War Theory Some would argue that there has never been a war which meets all seven requirements of the Just War theory and indeed the nature of warfare itself is intrinsically contradictory to many of the elements of the Just War theory. The difficulty in practice is how to determine the legitimacy of a claim of a Just War. In the 2003 Gulf War, US President George W Bush used the claim Of a Just War to refute opposition to his plan to invade Iraq. Various religious authorities had publicly stated their opposition, saying that the planned invasion was not morally justified. In this case, both parties were appealing to the same seven principles of the Just War theory to support their claims and were arriving at opposite conclusions. A brief analysis of each of these principles readily highlights some of the difficulties. Safeguarding human rights 1 War must be aimed at repelling or deterring aggression and safeguarding unman rights. The type of chaos and disorder that results from military conflict makes it impossible to monitor or safeguard human rights. The very act of destruction which is integral to combat inevitably destroys much of the infrastructure required to sustain basic rights such as food, water, shelter etc. Usually there is a prolonged period of disorder before basic infrastructure can be restored. In this time human rights violations are inevitable. Mandate to decide 1. It must be authorized by a legitimate authority. Even in the case of a democratically elected government declaring war, there s still an aspect of debate. The case of Australias involvement in the 2003 Gulf War saw the Prime Minister commit Australian troops to combat without reference to the Parliament. Additionally, some would suggest that a government does not have the right to engage in warfare unless it was specifically elected with that mandate. A further aspect of the Gulf War is the fact that Australian troops were committed to war when the United Nations remained opposed to the war and was urging the American led coalition to refrain from conflict until further efforts at peaceful resolution of differences ere pursued. The question here is who exactly is the legitimate authority? Multiple causes of conflict 1 . The stated objectives for going to war must be the real ones. There is seldom a single clear reason for engaging in warfare. Frequently the principal catalyst for the beginning of the war is the final element in a series of grievances that may date back for generations or even centuries. Therefore the stated reasons or objectives are often only a part of the real or true reasons. In the case of the 2003 Gulf war, the declared cause to engage in warfare was the existence of weapons of mass destruction. In the years following the declaration of war there has not any validation of this claim. Various theories have been proposed concerning the real reasons for the war, however, this instance of conflict highlights the difficulties in meeting this requirement. Strategic advantage 1 . War must be a last resort; all peaceful alternatives must be exhausted. From a philosophical point of view it can be argued that there are always further peaceful alternatives to be explored and accordingly war, as the last resort, should never be taken up. In practice the parties choosing to engage in airfare are more concerned with gaining a strategic advantage and are thus not inclined to delay. Further, they would argue that their cause is urgent and cannot wait until peaceful alternatives are exhausted. In the case of the 2003 Gulf War, the LOS led coalition were determined to proceed even though the United Nations weapons inspectors were asking for more time to complete their work as a peaceful alternative. The US authorities claimed that the risk posed by Iraqs weapons of mass destruction made the need to invade an urgent one. Others have suggested that the invasion took place in the Northern spring as this timing avoided the harsh climatic conditions that would have prevailed if they had delayed. Prolonged conflict 1 . The probability of success must be sufficiently clear to justify the human and other costs. It is extremely difficult to judge the possibility Of success in any military engagement. Even when the one of the combatants has far superior military capabilities it does not guarantee success and certainly doesnt ensure that the action will be quick, efficient and contained. In reality, conflicts are often prolonged and devastating in terms of the human cost. Wars such as the Vietnam War, the Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan and the recent Gulf Wars highlight the difficulties. In each of these cases a military super power has been unable to quickly and efficiently achieve its goals. In the course of these prolonged conflicts, the local communities have suffered great cost for an extended period of time. Devastating military power 1 . The damage inflicted by war must be proportionate to its objectives. As time has gone by the capacity of military weapons has increased phenomenally and the extent of damage caused has likewise reached extraordinary proportions. Due to capacity Of such weapons to inflict damage it is now patently impossible to engage in warfare where the damage is limited to something proportionate to the objectives. The destructive capabilities of modern weapons have led to extraordinary degrees of destruction in war zones. Accordingly it is unlikely that modern warfare can ever claim to limit the damage inflicted to something which is proportionate to its objectives. Innocent victims of warfare 1. Noncombatants must not be targeted. Increasingly in modern times, the victims of warfare are noncombatants rather than military personnel. The nature of warfare in recent decades has seen the use of powerful weapons launched from considerable distances to attack targets. This has meant that those actively engaging in conflict are some distance from the target area or war zone. Thus, although there may not be a deliberate strategy to target noncombatants, inevitably many innocent people will suffer the consequences of the action. The application of the Just War theory remains problematic. In recent decades religious authorities have been virtually unanimous in their condemnation Of warfare. Peace and Justice Justice before peace While a great deal of emphasis has been placed on the value of the Just War theory, in modern times an increasing emphasis has been brought to bear on the underlying causes of the conflicts that undermine peace. Leaders of the Christian Churches have increasingly focused their attention on the relationship between poverty, justice and human rights and the escalation of conflicts. They have argued powerfully that the world cannot expect to achieve peace without first achieving justice and that while so many people live in poverty and without basic human rights that there will always been unrest leading to conflict and violence.